연결 리스트(Linked List)
연결 리스트는 각 노드가 데이터와 포인터를 가지고 한 줄로 연결되어 있는 방식으로 데이터를 저장하는 자료 구조이다.
이름에서 말하듯이 데이터를 담고 있는 노드들이 연결되어 있는데,
노드의 포인터가 다음이나 이전의 노드와의 연결을 담당한다. 종류에는 단일, 이중, 원형 등의 연결 리스트가 있다.
배열이나 트리 구조와는 달리 특정 위치의 데이터를 검색해 내는데에는 O(n)의 시간이 걸리는 단점도 있다.
보통 조회가 드물고 추가, 삽입, 삭제가 잦은곳에 사용한다.
::보통 삽입/삭제 시 시간복잡도가 O(1)이라고 하는데, 그 위치를 찾아가는데 O(n)만큼 걸리므로 실제로는 O(n)::
*출저 : 위키백과
1) 선형 연결 리스트
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 | template <typename T> class LinkedList { private: class Node { public: T data; Node* nextNode; }; void valid(int); int size; Node *Head = new Node; public: LinkedList(); ~LinkedList(); T get_data(int); bool isEmpty(); int get_size(); void insert(T); void insert(T, int); void change(T, int); void remove(int); }; template<typename T> LinkedList<T>::LinkedList() { LinkedList::Head->data = NULL; LinkedList::Head->nextNode = NULL; LinkedList::size = 0; } template<typename T> LinkedList<T>::~LinkedList() { Node *t = LinkedList::Head; Node *de = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < LinkedList::size; i++) { t = t->nextNode; delete de; de = t; } } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::valid(int Count) { if (Count > LinkedList::size) { throw "Error : 유효하지 않은 index입니다."; } } template<typename T> bool LinkedList<T>::isEmpty() { return LinkedList::size > 0 ? false : true; } template<typename T> int LinkedList<T>::get_size() { return LinkedList::size; } template<typename T> T LinkedList<T>::get_data(int index) { try { valid(index); } catch (const char* msg) { cout << msg << endl; return NULL; } Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; } return temp->data; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::insert(T data) { Node * NewNode = new Node; NewNode->data = data; NewNode->nextNode = NULL; if (LinkedList::Head->data == NULL) { LinkedList::Head = NewNode; } else { Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; while (temp->nextNode != NULL) { temp = temp->nextNode; } temp->nextNode = NewNode; } LinkedList::size++; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::insert(T data, int index) { try { valid(index); } catch (const char* msg) { cout << msg << endl; return; } Node * NewNode = new Node; NewNode->data = data; NewNode->nextNode = NULL; if (LinkedList::Head->data == NULL) { LinkedList::Head = NewNode; } else if (LinkedList::Head->nextNode == NULL) { LinkedList::Head->nextNode = NewNode; } else { Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; } NewNode->nextNode = temp->nextNode; temp->nextNode = NewNode; } LinkedList::size++; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::change(T data, int index) { try { valid(index); } catch (const char* msg) { cout << msg << endl; return; } Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; } temp->data = data; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::remove(int index) { try { valid(index); } catch (const char* msg) { cout << msg << endl; return; } Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; Node* remove = LinkedList::Head; if (index == 0) { LinkedList::Head = LinkedList::Head->nextNode; } else { for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; remove = remove->nextNode; } remove = remove->nextNode; temp->nextNode = remove->nextNode; } remove->nextNode = NULL; delete remove; LinkedList::size--; } | cs |
2) 원형 연결 리스트
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 | template <typename T> class LinkedList { private: class Node { public: T data; Node* nextNode; Node* preNode; }; void valid(int); int size; Node *Head = new Node; public: LinkedList(); ~LinkedList(); T get_data(int, bool); bool isEmpty(); int get_size(); void insert(T); void insert(T, int); void change(T, int); void remove(int); }; template<typename T> LinkedList<T>::LinkedList() { LinkedList::Head->data = NULL; LinkedList::Head->nextNode = Head; LinkedList::Head->preNode = Head; LinkedList::cur = LinkedList::Head; LinkedList::size = 0; } template<typename T> LinkedList<T>::~LinkedList() { Node *t = LinkedList::Head; Node *de = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < LinkedList::size; i++) { t = t->nextNode; delete de; de = t; } } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::valid(int Count) { if (Count > LinkedList::size) { throw "Error : 유효하지 않은 index입니다."; } } template<typename T> bool LinkedList<T>::isEmpty() { return LinkedList::size > 0 ? false : true; } template<typename T> int LinkedList<T>::get_size() { return LinkedList::size; } template<typename T> T LinkedList<T>::get_data(int index, bool dir) { try { valid(index); } catch (const char* msg) { cout << msg << endl; return NULL; } Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; if (dir) { for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; } } else if (!dir) { for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { temp = temp->preNode; } } return temp->data; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::insert(T data) { Node * NewNode = new Node; NewNode->data = data; NewNode->nextNode = NewNode; NewNode->preNode = NewNode; if (LinkedList::Head->data == NULL) { LinkedList::Head = NewNode; } else { Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < LinkedList::size - 1; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; } temp->nextNode = NewNode; NewNode->preNode = temp; NewNode->nextNode = LinkedList::Head; LinkedList::Head->preNode = NewNode; } LinkedList::size++; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::insert(T data, int index) { try { valid(index); } catch (const char* msg) { cout << msg << endl; return; } Node * NewNode = new Node; NewNode->data = data; NewNode->nextNode = NewNode; NewNode->preNode = NewNode; if (LinkedList::Head->data == NULL) { LinkedList::Head = NewNode; } else if (LinkedList::Head->nextNode == LinkedList::Head) { LinkedList::Head->nextNode = NewNode; LinkedList::Head->preNode = NewNode; NewNode->nextNode = LinkedList::Head; NewNode->preNode = LinkedList::Head; } else { Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; } NewNode->nextNode = temp->nextNode; NewNode->preNode = temp; temp->nextNode = NewNode; } LinkedList::size++; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::change(T data, int index) { try { valid(index); } catch (const char* msg) { cout << msg << endl; return; } Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; } temp->data = data; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::remove(int index) { try { valid(index); } catch (const char* msg) { cout << msg << endl; return; } Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; Node* remove = LinkedList::Head; if (index == 0) { LinkedList::Head = LinkedList::Head->nextNode; } else { for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; remove = remove->nextNode; } remove = remove->nextNode; temp->nextNode = remove->nextNode; remove->nextNode->preNode = temp; } remove->nextNode = NULL; delete remove; LinkedList::size--; } | cs |
3) 원형 이중 연결 리스트
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 | template <typename T> class LinkedList { private: class Node { public: T data; Node* nextNode; Node* preNode; }; void valid(int); int size; Node *Head = new Node; Node *cur; public: LinkedList(); ~LinkedList(); T get_data(int, bool); bool isEmpty(); int get_size(); void insert(T); void insert(T, int); void change(T, int); void remove(int, bool); }; template<typename T> LinkedList<T>::LinkedList() { LinkedList::Head->data = NULL; LinkedList::Head->nextNode = Head; LinkedList::Head->preNode = Head; LinkedList::cur = LinkedList::Head; LinkedList::size = 0; } template<typename T> LinkedList<T>::~LinkedList() { Node *t = LinkedList::Head; Node *de = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < LinkedList::size; i++) { t = t->nextNode; delete de; de = t; } } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::valid(int Count) { if (Count > LinkedList::size) { throw "Error : 유효하지 않은 index입니다."; } } template<typename T> bool LinkedList<T>::isEmpty() { return LinkedList::size > 0 ? false : true; } template<typename T> int LinkedList<T>::get_size() { return LinkedList::size; } template<typename T> T LinkedList<T>::get_data(int index, bool dir) { Node* temp = LinkedList::cur; if (dir) { for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; } } else if (!dir) { for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { temp = temp->preNode; } } return temp->data; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::insert(T data) { Node * NewNode = new Node; NewNode->data = data; NewNode->nextNode = NewNode; NewNode->preNode = NewNode; if (LinkedList::Head->data == NULL) { LinkedList::Head = NewNode; LinkedList::cur = Head; } else { Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < LinkedList::size - 1; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; } temp->nextNode = NewNode; NewNode->preNode = temp; NewNode->nextNode = LinkedList::Head; LinkedList::Head->preNode = NewNode; } LinkedList::size++; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::insert(T data, int index) { Node * NewNode = new Node; NewNode->data = data; NewNode->nextNode = NewNode; NewNode->preNode = NewNode; if (LinkedList::Head->data == NULL) { LinkedList::Head = NewNode; LinkedList::cur = Head; } else if (LinkedList::Head->nextNode == LinkedList::Head) { LinkedList::Head->nextNode = NewNode; LinkedList::Head->preNode = NewNode; NewNode->nextNode = LinkedList::Head; NewNode->preNode = LinkedList::Head; } else { Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; } NewNode->nextNode = temp->nextNode; NewNode->preNode = temp; temp->nextNode = NewNode; } LinkedList::size++; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::change(T data, int index) { Node* temp = LinkedList::Head; for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; } temp->data = data; } template<typename T> void LinkedList<T>::remove(int index, bool dir) { Node* temp = LinkedList::cur; Node* remove = LinkedList::cur; if (cur == Head && index == 0) { if (LinkedList::size == 1) { delete remove; LinkedList::size--; LinkedList::Head = NULL; return; } else { LinkedList::Head->preNode->nextNode = Head->nextNode; LinkedList::Head->nextNode->preNode = Head->preNode; LinkedList::Head = LinkedList::Head->preNode; } } else if(dir){ for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) { temp = temp->nextNode; remove = remove->nextNode; } remove = remove->nextNode; temp->nextNode = remove->nextNode; remove->nextNode->preNode = temp; if (remove == LinkedList::Head) { LinkedList::Head->preNode->nextNode = Head->nextNode; LinkedList::Head->nextNode->preNode = Head->preNode; LinkedList::Head = LinkedList::Head->preNode; } } else if (!dir){ for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { temp = temp->preNode; remove = remove->preNode; } temp = temp->preNode; temp->nextNode = remove->nextNode; remove->nextNode->preNode = temp; if (remove == LinkedList::Head) { LinkedList::Head->preNode->nextNode = Head->nextNode; LinkedList::Head->nextNode->preNode = Head->preNode; LinkedList::Head = LinkedList::Head->preNode; } } LinkedList::cur = remove->preNode; LinkedList::cur->nextNode = remove->nextNode; remove->nextNode = NULL; remove->preNode = NULL; delete remove; LinkedList::size--; } | cs |
[연결 리스트 예제 : http://gyutts.tistory.com/68]
[원형 연결 리스트 예제 : http://gyutts.tistory.com/63]
[원형 이중 연결 리스트 예제 : http://gyutts.tistory.com/64]
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